In Karjanha
study area, the monitoring/observation well no 02 (TW-02), located at Gautari
Tole - 8, is in the Gangetic Plain at the Southern belt from Highway.
This chart shows
the fluctuation of water level between ~1.0 m and ~2.0 m BGL. This well aquifer
reveals a relatively stable aquifer with modes seasonal variation with Jan 2026
showing dry season depletion and Mid 2025 reflecting monsoon recharge. The TW-02
operates almost entirely below 2 m for its entire recorded history. It begins
declining immediately in May 2025 with no monsoon recovery. By late 2025 it
plateaus at ~1.1–1.5 m with no meaningful seasonal swing. This aquifer appears
to have lost its recharge responsiveness entirely and reflects Permanent
depletion threshold crossed.
Unlike other
wells measured monthly or bi-weekly, TW 02 appears to have sub-weekly readings
(tooltip shows Jan 15, 2026 = 1.1 m). The rapid oscillations visible throughout
the chart are likely real pump-cycle or diurnal draw-down and recovery signals,
not noise. This is valuable data showing High-frequency data insight revealing
extraction demand at the aquifer level. Further observations can be made as
mentioned below:
·
Phase 1 (May–July 2025): Every other
well shows a monsoon peak in June–July. TW 2 declines continuously from day
one, reaching ~1.55 m by July. The aquifer is not receiving monsoon recharge —
a structural disconnection from surface infiltration reflecting immediate
decline but no peak.
·
Phase 2 (Aug-Oct 2025): Two separate
dips to ~0.75 m in late August and late November. Rapid oscillations suggest
intensive pumping against near-exhausted storage. Levels gradually drop showing
aquifer drawdown as recharge slows.
·
Phase 3 (Nov 2025–Jan 2026): Levels
stabilize at ~1.1–1.5 m. Crucially, there is no spring recovery trend visible —
unlike TW 1 which climbs back toward 1.5 m. Lowest water levels occur,
reflecting extraction pressure and minimal recharge. TW 02 ends the record at
roughly the same level it entered the dry season.
·
Phase 4 (Feb-May 2026): The rapid
up-down oscillations (visible across all seasons) indicate the sensor captures
each pump start-stop cycle. This is a rare and valuable operational signal —
the aquifer recovers partially between pumping events, suggesting it is not yet
completely dry but has minimal storage buffer. This reflects the visibility of
extraction frequency, aquifer resilience, and responsiveness to seasonal
recharge.
This tubewell is
less volatile than TW-01 in the same ward, which showed dual peaks. The
aquifer here demonstrates predictable monsoon-driven cycles with modest
dry-season stress. The January 2026 low point is typical of shallow aquifers
under extraction pressure, but recovery indicates resilience.
The absence of
any monsoon peak is the single most diagnostic feature here. Every other well,
regardless of ward, depth, or aquifer type, shows some response to the monsoon
season, even if modest. TW-02 declines from the very first reading in May 2025
and never looks back. This points to a physical disconnection between this
aquifer and the local surface recharge system, likely caused by overlying
impervious surfaces, a clay aquitard blocking vertical infiltration, or the
aquifer having already been drawn below the zone that seasonal recharge can
reach.
The pump-cycle
oscillations are a silver lining analytically. The fact that levels bounce back
partially between pumping events tells us the aquifer still has some hydraulic
conductivity and is not completely sealed off. But the overall trend envelope
is flat-to-declining, meaning incoming recharge equals or is less than ongoing
extraction. This is a system in equilibrium at a dangerously low level.
१०. गौतारी टोलको ट्युबवेल
- वडा नं. ८, कर्जनहा
कर्जनहा अध्ययन क्षेत्र अन्तर्गत गौतारी टोल-८ मा अवस्थित अनुगमन/अवलोकन ट्युबवेल
नम्बर ०२ (TW-02) राजमार्गबाट दक्षिणतर्फको Gangetic Plain मा पर्दछ।
यस
रेखाचित्रले जलस्तर जमिनको सतह मुनि करिब १.० मिटरदेखि २.० मिटर (~1.0 m
to ~2.0 m BGL) को बीचमा उतारचढाव
हुने देखाउँछ। यो ट्युबवेलले जनवरी २०२६ मा सुक्खा मौसमको क्षयीकरण र सन् २०२५ को
मध्यतिर मनसुनी पुनर्भरण प्रदर्शन गर्दै मध्यम मौसमी परिवर्तनका साथ एक अपेक्षाकृत
स्थिर एक्विफरलाई प्रतिविम्बित गर्दछ। तर, उपलब्ध सम्पूर्ण अभिलेखमा TW-02 लगभग पूर्ण रूपमा २ मिटर भन्दा मुनिको
स्तरमा सञ्चालित छ। यसको जलस्तर मे २०२५ देखि नै लगातार घट्न थाल्छ र मनसुनको
समयमा पनि यसमा कुनै सुधार देखिँदैन। सन् २०२५ को अन्त्यतिर पुग्दा यो कुनै ठूलो
मौसमी उतारचढाव बिना करिब १.१ देखि १.५ मिटरमा रोकिन्छ (Plateaus)। यसबाट के देखिन्छ भने यस एक्विफरले
पुनर्भरणप्रतिको आफ्नो संवेदनशीलता पूर्ण रूपमा गुमाइसकेको छ, जसले यो ट्युबवेल स्थायी क्षयीकरणको सीमा पार गरेको (Permanent
depletion threshold crossed) अवस्थामा
रहेको देखाउँछ।
मासिक वा पाक्षिक रूपमा मापन गरिएका अन्य ट्युबवेलहरूको विपरीत, TW-02 मा हप्तामा कम्तीमा एक पटक भन्दा बढी (Sub-weekly) मापन गरिएको देखिन्छ (जस्तै: टुलटिपले
जनवरी १५, २०२६ मा जलस्तर १.१ मिटर देखाउँछ)। रेखाचित्रभरि देखिने यस्ता तीव्र
उतारचढावहरू (Rapid oscillations) कुनै प्राविधिक त्रुटि (Noise) नभएर वास्तविक पम्प-चक्र (Pump-cycle) वा दैनिक रूपमा हुने गिरावट र सुधारका संकेतहरू हुन्। एक्विफरको तहमा पानी
दोहनको मागलाई उजागर गर्ने यो एक अत्यन्तै मूल्यवान् उच्च-आवृत्ति तथ्याङ्क अन्तर्दृष्टि (High-frequency data insight) हो। यसका थप अवलोकनहरूलाई निम्नानुसार प्रस्तुत गर्न सकिन्छ:
यो ट्युबवेल सोही वडामा रहेको र दुईवटा उच्चतम बिन्दु (Dual peaks) देखाउने TW-01 को तुलनामा कम अस्थिर (Less volatile) छ। यहाँको एक्विफरले सुक्खा मौसमको सामान्य तनावका साथ अनुमानयोग्य र
मनसुनमा आधारित चक्र प्रदर्शन गर्दछ। जनवरी २०२६ को न्यून विन्दु दोहनको चापमा
परेका उथला एक्विफरहरूका लागि स्वाभाविक हो, तर यसमा हुने सुधारले यसको पुनरुत्थानशीलता (Resilience) लाई देखाउँछ।
मनसुनको समयमा कुनै पनि उच्चतम बिन्दु (Monsoon peak) नदेखिनु नै यस ट्युबवेलको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र मुख्य परिचायक विशेषता (Diagnostic feature) हो। अन्य वडाहरूका, जुनसुकै गहिराइ वा प्रकारका ट्युबवेलहरूले मनसुन
मौसमप्रति केही न केही सकारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया जनाएका छन्। तर TW-02 मे २०२५ को पहिलो मापनदेखि नै निरन्तर
ओरालो लाग्छ र कहिल्यै माथि उठ्दैन। यसले यो एक्विफर र स्थानीय सतह पुनर्भरण
प्रणाली बीचको भौतिक विच्छेद (Physical
disconnection) लाई औँल्याउँछ, जसको कारण माथिल्लो सतह पक्की (Impervious) हुनु, भर्टिकल इन्फिल्ट्रेशन (ठाडो रूपमा पानी सोसिने प्रक्रिया) लाई रोक्ने
चिम्टाइलो माटोको तह (Clay aquitard) हुनु, वा एक्विफर पहिले नै मौसमी पुनर्भरण पुग्न सक्ने क्षेत्रभन्दा निकै तल
खस्किसकेको हुनु हुन सक्छ।
विश्लेषणात्मक रूपमा हेर्दा, पम्प-चक्रको उतारचढाव यस ट्युबवेलको एउटा सकारात्मक पक्ष (Silver lining) हो। पम्पिङको बीचमा जलस्तर आंशिक रूपमा
पुनरुत्थान हुनुले के बुझाउँछ भने यस एक्विफरमा अझै पनि केही हाइड्रोलिक चालकता (Hydraulic conductivity) बाँकी छ र यो पूर्ण रूपमा बन्द भइसकेको
छैन। तर समग्र प्रवृत्तिको घेरा (Trend envelope) समतल वा घट्दो क्रममा छ, जसको अर्थ भइरहेको पुनर्भरणको मात्रा निरन्तर भइरहेको दोहनको तुलनामा बराबर
वा कम छ। यो प्रणाली अत्यन्तै खतरनाक र न्यून स्तरमा सन्तुलित (Equilibrium at a dangerously low level) अवस्थामा रहेको छ।
| S.N. | Recorded At | Tole Name | Ground to Water(m) | Raw Device Reading (m) | Opening to Ground (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2026-04-30 | gautari | 1.45 | 2.15 | 0.70 |
| 2 | 2026-04-16 | gautari | 1.45 | 2.15 | 0.70 |
| 3 | 2026-03-31 | gautari | 1.40 | 2.10 | 0.70 |
| 4 | 2026-03-15 | gautari | 1.45 | 2.15 | 0.70 |
| 5 | 2026-02-28 | gautari | 1.45 | 2.15 | 0.70 |
| 6 | 2026-02-15 | gautari | 1.75 | 2.45 | 0.70 |
| 7 | 2026-01-31 | gautari | 1.25 | 1.95 | 0.70 |
| 8 | 2026-01-15 | gautari | 1.10 | 1.80 | 0.70 |
| 9 | 2025-12-30 | gautari | 1.15 | 1.85 | 0.70 |
| 10 | 2025-12-15 | gautari | 1.15 | 1.85 | 0.70 |
| 11 | 2025-11-30 | gautari | 1.15 | 1.85 | 0.70 |
| 12 | 2025-11-16 | gautari | 1.15 | 1.85 | 0.70 |
| 13 | 2025-10-31 | gautari | 0.75 | 1.45 | 0.70 |
| 14 | 2025-10-15 | gautari | 1.05 | 1.75 | 0.70 |
| 15 | 2025-09-30 | gautari | 1.15 | 1.85 | 0.70 |
| 16 | 2025-09-16 | gautari | 0.80 | 1.50 | 0.70 |
| 17 | 2025-08-29 | gautari | 1.08 | 1.78 | 0.70 |
| 18 | 2025-08-20 | gautari | 1.55 | 2.25 | 0.70 |
| 19 | 2025-07-31 | gautari | 1.55 | 2.25 | 0.70 |
| 20 | 2025-07-15 | gautari | 1.50 | 2.20 | 0.70 |
| 21 | 2025-06-30 | gautari | 2.10 | 2.80 | 0.70 |
| 22 | 2025-06-15 | gautari | 1.73 | 2.43 | 0.70 |
| 23 | 2025-05-30 | gautari | 1.80 | 2.50 | 0.70 |
| 24 | 2025-05-15 | gautari | 1.98 | 2.68 | 0.70 |
| 25 | 2025-04-21 | gautari | 2.05 | 2.75 | 0.70 |