In Karjanha study
area, the monitoring/observation well No 10 (TW-10), located at ward no 3, is in
the Gangetic Plain at the Southern belt from Highway.
The water table shows a classic monsoon-driven seasonal
cycle. Levels peak around May–July (pre-monsoon and monsoon onset), drop
sharply through August–November (post-monsoon depletion), and partially recover
through the dry winter months before the cycle repeats.
The key observations from this data/chart includes that
in Monsoon Period (May – July 2025), the water levels sit between 4.5–5.4 m
BGL, likely reflecting recharge from the spring snowmelt and early monsoon
infiltration that has accumulated from the prior wet season. This period
indicates water level has a peak zone. During Post Monsoon (August–Nov. 2025),
a sharp and sustained drop from ~4.3 m down to about 1.9–2.1 m. This is the post-monsoon
drawdown — despite heavy monsoon rainfall, surface runoff dominates and aquifer
recharge lags behind extraction and evapotranspiration losses. This period
indicates that water level is in declining phase. Whereas in Dry Season
(December 2025–February 2026). Water Levels stabilize around 2.5–3.8 m. Reduced
agricultural demand and cooler temperatures slow extraction, allowing some
passive recharge. This period indicates that water level is at the low phase
and is in recovery phase. Likewise, in pre-monsoon season (March–May 2026), A
notable uptick back toward 4.6 m by April 2026, mirroring the prior year's peak
— suggesting a fairly consistent annual recharge pattern. This period indicates
that water level is at the speedy recovery phase.
In
summary:
·
Phase 1 (May–July 2025): Snowmelt plus
prior monsoon recharge sustains high levels (~4.5–5.4 m). and reflect pre-monsoon
peak.
·
Phase 2 (Aug-Nov 2025): Sharp drawdown
to 1.9 m as extraction outpaces infiltration and reflects post-monsoon decline
(drop).
·
Phase 3 (Dec 2025–Feb 2026): Low demand
slows depletion and levels stabilize at ~2.5–3.8 m and reflect winter
stabilization.
·
Phase 4 (March-May 2026): Recharge pulse
brings levels back to ~4.6 m, but below 2025 peak. This however reflects spring
recovery/recharge.
The orange trend line in the chart dips to roughly 1.9 m
in Oct.–Nov. 2025. This is a critically low level for a tubewell, indicating
the aquifer is being stressed during the dry season — likely a combination of high
demand i.e. heavy extraction and insufficient recharge from that year's
monsoon. This period marks the most significant drawdown reflecting the most
critical stress point in the cycle and indicates a concerning signal.
While considering the current scenario of this aquifer
site from the practical implications for water management, the ~3.5 m annual
swing is quite large for a community tubewell. The critically low November
levels (1.9 m) suggest the aquifer is under significant stress during peak
dry-season demand. The slight year-on-year drop between May 2025, and May 2026
is worth watching. The year-on-year comparison reflects that May 2026 values
(~3.5–3.6 m) appear slightly lower than May 2025 (~4.9–5 m), which could
suggest a modest net depletion trend, though two data points aren't enough to
confirm a long-term decline. If that pattern continues, it could indicate
long-term groundwater depletion, possibly driven by over-extraction, reduced
recharge from land-use change, or erratic monsoon patterns linked to climate
variability.
१. बन्दीपुर खेराको ट्युबवेल
- वडा नं. ३, कर्जनहा
कर्जनहा अध्ययन क्षेत्र अन्तर्गत वडा नं. ३ मा अवस्थित अनुगमन/अवलोकन ट्युबवेल
नम्बर १० (TW-10) राजमार्गबाट दक्षिणतर्फको Gangetic Plain मा पर्दछ।
यस क्षेत्रको भूगर्भीय जलस्तरले (Water table) मनसुनमा आधारित परम्परागत मौसमी चक्र देखाउँछ। जलस्तर मे–जुलाई (मनसुन पूर्व
र मनसुनको सुरुवात) तिर उच्चतम बिन्दुमा पुगेको देखिन्छ, अगस्ट–नोभेम्बर (मनसुन पश्चात्को क्षय) मा तीव्र रूपमा घटेको देखिन्छ, र चक्र पुनः दोहोरिनु अघि सुक्खा हिउँदका महिनाहरूमा
आंशिक रूपमा सुधार हुन्छ।
यस तथ्याङ्क/रेखाचित्रबाट प्राप्त मुख्य निष्कर्षहरू निम्नानुसार छन्:
संक्षेपमा:
रेखाचित्रमा रहेको सुन्तला रङ्गको प्रवृत्ति रेखा (Orange trend line) अक्टोबर–नोभेम्बर २०२५ मा करिब १.९ मिटरमा झरेको देखिन्छ। ट्युबवेल (Tubewell) का लागि यो निकै चिन्ताजनक र न्यून स्तर
हो, जसले सुक्खा मौसममा भूमिगत जलभृत (Aquifer) तनावमा रहेको संकेत गर्छ। यो सम्भवतः
उच्च माग (अत्यधिक दोहन) र त्यस वर्षको मनसुनबाट पर्याप्त पुनर्भरण हुन नसक्नुको
संयुक्त परिणाम हो। यो अवधिले यस चक्रकै सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावटलाई गराउँछ, जसले सबैभन्दा गम्भीर तनावको बिन्दु (Critical stress point) लाई झल्काउँछ र यो एउटा चिन्ताजनक संकेत
हो।
जल व्यवस्थापनको व्यावहारिक प्रभावका दृष्टिकोणबाट यस एक्विफर साइटको
वर्तमान परिदृश्यलाई विचार गर्दा, सामुदायिक ट्युबवेलका लागि करिब ३.५ मिटरको वार्षिक उतारचढाव (Swing) निकै ठूलो हो। नोभेम्बर महिनाको गम्भीर
रूपमा न्यून स्तर (१.९ मिटर) ले सुक्खा मौसमको उच्च मागको समयमा भूमिगत जलभृत
अत्यधिक तनावमा रहेको सुझाव दिन्छ। मे २०२५ र मे २०२६ बीचको वार्षिक तुलनामा
देखिएको सामान्य गिरावट पनि निगरानी योग्य छ। वार्षिक तुलनाले मे २०२६ को मान (~३.५–३.६ मिटर) मे २०२५ (~४.९–५ मिटर) को तुलनामा केही कम देखिएको छ, जसले भूमिगत जलको खुद क्षय (Net depletion trend)
तर्फ संकेत गर्न सक्छ; यद्यपि दीर्घकालीन गिरावटको पुष्टि गर्न दुईवटा तथ्याङ्क मात्र पर्याप्त
हुँदैनन्। यदि यो ढाँचा निरन्तर रह्यो भने, यसले अत्यधिक दोहन, भू-उपयोगमा आएको परिवर्तनका कारण घटेको पुनर्भरण दर, वा जलवायु परिवर्तनसँग जोडिएको अनियमित मनसुनका कारण
दीर्घकालीन भूमिगत जलको क्षयीकरण भइरहेको संकेत गर्न सक्छ।
| S.N. | Recorded At | Tole Name | Ground to Water(m) | Raw Device Reading (m) | Opening to Ground (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2026-05-15 | bandipur_khera | 3.65 | 4.85 | 1.20 |
| 2 | 2026-04-30 | bandipur_khera | 3.50 | 4.70 | 1.20 |
| 3 | 2026-04-16 | bandipur_khera | 3.65 | 4.85 | 1.20 |
| 4 | 2026-03-31 | bandipur_khera | 4.65 | 5.85 | 1.20 |
| 5 | 2026-03-15 | bandipur_khera | 3.33 | 4.53 | 1.20 |
| 6 | 2026-02-28 | bandipur_khera | 3.45 | 4.65 | 1.20 |
| 7 | 2026-02-15 | bandipur_khera | 3.75 | 4.95 | 1.20 |
| 8 | 2026-01-31 | bandipur_khera | 3.25 | 4.45 | 1.20 |
| 9 | 2026-01-17 | bandipur_khera | 2.90 | 4.10 | 1.20 |
| 10 | 2025-12-30 | bandipur_khera | 2.55 | 3.75 | 1.20 |
| 11 | 2025-12-15 | bandipur_khera | 2.70 | 3.90 | 1.20 |
| 12 | 2025-11-30 | bandipur_khera | 3.32 | 4.52 | 1.20 |
| 13 | 2025-11-16 | bandipur_khera | 2.30 | 3.50 | 1.20 |
| 14 | 2025-10-31 | bandipur_khera | 1.90 | 3.10 | 1.20 |
| 15 | 2025-10-15 | bandipur_khera | 2.15 | 3.35 | 1.20 |
| 16 | 2025-09-30 | bandipur_khera | 2.10 | 3.30 | 1.20 |
| 17 | 2025-09-16 | bandipur_khera | 1.95 | 3.15 | 1.20 |
| 18 | 2025-08-29 | bandipur_khera | 3.30 | 4.50 | 1.20 |
| 19 | 2025-08-20 | bandipur_khera | 3.40 | 4.60 | 1.20 |
| 20 | 2025-07-31 | bandipur_khera | 4.20 | 5.40 | 1.20 |
| 21 | 2025-07-15 | bandipur_khera | 5.25 | 6.45 | 1.20 |
| 22 | 2025-06-30 | bandipur_khera | 4.65 | 5.85 | 1.20 |
| 23 | 2025-06-15 | bandipur_khera | 4.93 | 6.13 | 1.20 |
| 24 | 2025-05-30 | bandipur_khera | 4.80 | 6.00 | 1.20 |
| 25 | 2025-05-15 | bandipur_khera | 5.30 | 6.50 | 1.20 |
| 26 | 2025-04-29 | bandipur_khera | 4.90 | 6.10 | 1.20 |