In Karjanha
study area, the monitoring/observation well no 03 (TW-03), located at Thalhai
Tole - 8, is in the Gangetic Plain at
the Southern belt from Highway.
This chart shows
the water level fluctuates between ~1.5 m and ~4 m BGL. This tubewell reveals a
pattern of a clear monsoon recharge peak in July 2025 (~4 m) followed by a
decline and stabilization around 1.5-2.5 m until early 2026, with a modest
recovery by May 2026. After a sharp post-monsoon crash, TW 03 finds a stable
floor at ~1.75–1.8 m and holds it remarkably consistently for 8+ months (Sep
2025–Apr 2026) thereby reflecting a sustained equilibrium. It suggests the
aquifer has reached a dynamic balance between recharge and extraction at this
level. However, the pre-monsoon level of 3.5–3.7 m (May–Jun 2025) is never
recovered. May 2026 at ~2.5 m represents a ~1.0 m year-on-year deficit. The
aquifer stabilized, but at a permanently lower level than where it started. Further
observations can be made as mentioned below:
·
Phase 1 (May–July 2025): Rises from 3.6
m to 4.1 m — This strong peak indicates a robust rainfall infiltration and
aquifer recharge - a clear monsoon response. The June dip to ~3.0 m (likely
extraction) is quickly overcome, showing a healthy recharge flux at this time
of year. This reflects the monsoon recharge peak.
·
Phase 2 (Aug - Sept 2025): A steep drop
from 4.1 m to ~1.75 m in ~6 weeks — one of the sharpest post-monsoon declines
in the dataset. The aquifer drains quickly once monsoon recharge ceases,
indicating limited storage capacity. This indicates the rapid post monsoon
crash (decline).
·
Phase 3 (Sept 2025 – April 2026): Eight
months of near-perfectly flat levels at 1.75–1.80 m. This is unique in the
dataset. It implies the aquifer has reached an equilibrium point where slow
lateral or deep recharge exactly balances extraction — a fragile but
functioning state. At this period, water levels remain relatively stable,
showing aquifer resilience despite reduced recharge. This suggests a remarkable
stable plateau during the dry season.
·
Phase 4 (May 2026): A rise to ~2.5 m by
May 2026 — the first upward movement since the monsoon. Encouraging, but ~1.1 m
below the May 2025 starting point. Gradual rise to ~2.5–3 m suggests aquifer
responsiveness to late winter/early spring recharge. The question for year 2 is
whether the 2026 monsoon can recover more of this deficit. This suggests modest
spring uplift / recovery.
The plateau behavior
is hydro-geologically significant because of the following arguments:
·
An 8-month flat line at exactly
~1.75–1.80 m is not accidental — it is a system finding its equilibrium point.
In aquifer science this is called the "dynamic equilibrium level" —
the depth at which inflow (lateral seepage, slow percolation) precisely matches
outflow (pumping, evapotranspiration).
·
The fact that TW 03 found this
equilibrium rather than continuing to decline (as TW 02 does) suggests this
aquifer has some residual recharge connectivity, probably through slow lateral
flow from an adjacent formation rather than direct surface infiltration.
·
This tubewell demonstrates a classic
monsoon-driven cycle with a strong recharge peak and gradual depletion. This TW-03
shows greater amplitude of fluctuation, meaning it is more sensitive to
rainfall but also more vulnerable to depletion. The stability in late 2025
suggests moderate extraction pressure and aquifer resilience.
११. थल्हाई टोलको ट्युबवेल
- वडा नं. ८, कर्जनहा
कर्जनहा अध्ययन क्षेत्र अन्तर्गत थल्हाई टोल-८ मा अवस्थित अनुगमन/अवलोकन ट्युबवेल
नम्बर ०३ (TW-03) राजमार्गबाट दक्षिणतर्फको Gangetic Plain मा पर्दछ।
यस रेखाचित्रले जलस्तर जमिनको सतह मुनि करिब १.५ मिटरदेखि ४ मिटर (~1.5 m to ~4 m BGL) को बीचमा उतारचढाव हुने देखाउँछ। यो ट्युबवेलले जुलाई २०२५ मा मनसुनी
पुनर्भरणको एक स्पष्ट उच्चतम बिन्दु (~४ मिटर) प्रदर्शन गर्दछ, जसको लगतै गिरावट आई सन् २०२६ को सुरुवातसम्म करिब १.५ देखि २.५ मिटरको वरपर
स्थिरता कायम हुन्छ र मे २०२६ सम्ममा सामान्य सुधार आउँछ। मनसुन पश्चात्को तीव्र
गिरावट (Post-monsoon crash) पछि, TW-03 ले करिब १.७५ देखि १.८ मिटरमा एक स्थिर भुइँ (Stable floor) फेला पार्छ र यसलाई ८ महिनाभन्दा बढी
समय (सेप्टेम्बर २०२५–अप्रिल २०२६) सम्म उल्लेखनीय रूपमा निरन्तरता दिन्छ; जसले एक दिगो सन्तुलन (Sustained
equilibrium) लाई प्रतिविम्बित गर्दछ। यसले के बुझाउँछ भने यस स्तरमा पुगेपछि एक्विफरले
पुनर्भरण र दोहन बीच एक गतिशील सन्तुलन (Dynamic balance) कायम गरेको छ। यद्यपि, मनसुन पूर्वको ३.५–३.७ मिटर (मे–जुन २०२५) को प्रारम्भिक स्तरमा भने यो
कहिल्यै फर्कन सकेन। मे २०२६ को करिब २.५ मिटरको जलस्तरले ~१.० मिटरको वार्षिक खुद घाटा (Year-on-year deficit) लाई दर्शाउँछ। एक्विफर स्थिर त भयो, तर सुरु भएको विन्दुको तुलनामा स्थायी रूपमा तल्लो स्तर (Permanently lower level) मा पुगेर। यसका थप अवलोकनहरूलाई
निम्नानुसार प्रस्तुत गर्न सकिन्छ:
यो समतल पठारको व्यवहार (Plateau behavior) भू-जलवैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोणबाट निम्न कारणहरूले महत्त्वपूर्ण छ:
| S.N. | Recorded At | Tole Name | Ground to Water(m) | Raw Device Reading (m) | Opening to Ground (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2026-05-15 | thalha | 2.45 | 2.85 | 0.40 |
| 2 | 2026-04-30 | thalha | 2.05 | 2.45 | 0.40 |
| 3 | 2026-04-16 | thalha | 2.05 | 2.45 | 0.40 |
| 4 | 2026-03-31 | thalha | 1.85 | 2.25 | 0.40 |
| 5 | 2026-03-15 | thalha | 1.75 | 2.15 | 0.40 |
| 6 | 2026-02-28 | thalha | 2.05 | 2.45 | 0.40 |
| 7 | 2026-02-15 | thalha | 2.05 | 2.45 | 0.40 |
| 8 | 2026-01-31 | thalha | 1.85 | 2.25 | 0.40 |
| 9 | 2026-01-17 | thalha | 2.05 | 2.45 | 0.40 |
| 10 | 2025-12-30 | thalha | 1.75 | 2.15 | 0.40 |
| 11 | 2025-12-15 | thalha | 1.70 | 2.10 | 0.40 |
| 12 | 2025-11-30 | thalha | 1.70 | 2.10 | 0.40 |
| 13 | 2025-11-16 | thalha | 1.70 | 2.10 | 0.40 |
| 14 | 2025-10-31 | thalha | 1.50 | 1.90 | 0.40 |
| 15 | 2025-10-15 | thalha | 1.70 | 2.10 | 0.40 |
| 16 | 2025-09-30 | thalha | 1.75 | 2.15 | 0.40 |
| 17 | 2025-09-16 | thalha | 1.75 | 2.15 | 0.40 |
| 18 | 2025-08-29 | thalha | 1.75 | 2.15 | 0.40 |
| 19 | 2025-08-20 | thalha | 1.75 | 2.15 | 0.40 |
| 20 | 2025-07-31 | thalha | 2.25 | 2.65 | 0.40 |
| 21 | 2025-07-15 | thalha | 2.15 | 2.55 | 0.40 |
| 22 | 2025-06-30 | thalha | 4.08 | 4.48 | 0.40 |
| 23 | 2025-06-15 | thalha | 3.08 | 3.48 | 0.40 |
| 24 | 2025-05-30 | thalha | 2.95 | 3.35 | 0.40 |
| 25 | 2025-05-15 | thalha | 3.73 | 4.13 | 0.40 |
| 26 | 2025-04-22 | thalha | 3.55 | 3.95 | 0.40 |