In Karjanha
study area, the monitoring/observation well no 05 (TW-05), located at Simara
Tole -7, is in the Gangetic Plain at the Southern belt from Highway.
This
chart shows the water level fluctuates between ~0.5 m and ~2 m BGL. This
tubewell reveals an extremely shallow aquifer, with water levels ranging only
between ~0.65 m and ~2.1 m across the full annual cycle. The water table sits
less than 2 m below the surface for most of the year, which has profound
implications for both water security and contamination risk. The water level
fluctuating pattern shows a short-term variability with multiple peaks and
troughs across the year showing a short-term variability rather than smooth
seasonal cycle. Further observations can be made as mentioned below:
·
Phase 1 (May–Aug 2025): Water levels drop
significantly from ~1.85 m in May down to a low of 0.7 m in Aug-Sept 2025 with
declining water levels during early monsoon. This reflects aquifer depletion
due to dry season demand and reduced recharge and the period August–September
marks the critical stress period for groundwater.
·
Phase 2 (Sept – Oct. 2025): A sharp
rebound to ~2.1m in Aug/Sep (the pink bar spike) suggests strong monsoon
infiltration recharging the aquifer. This is typical of the Terai/valley
geology where monsoon rains rapidly recharging the shallow aquifers. This
suggests localized recharge events
·
Phase 3 (Nov 2025 – Feb 2026): Levels
stabilize then gradually decline from ~1.35m (Nov) toward 1.2–1.7m range.
Winter abstraction and reduced recharge drive a slow drawdown. This reflects
gradual decline in post-monsoon. The levels dip toward ~0.5 m, reflecting
aquifer stress during the dry months.
·
Phase 4 (March – May 2026): By May 2026,
levels are rising again toward ~2.2m, suggesting another monsoon recharge cycle
beginning. May 2026 values are notably higher than May 2025, which could
indicate slightly better recharge or lower abstraction. This however reflects
gradual partial recovery /recharge in the well suggesting aquifer resilience,
likely aided by winter rainfall and reduced demand.
During Aug-Sept
2025, lowest water table is experienced with a peak groundwater stress and this
prevailed with a risk of tubewell running dry. The highest water table: Aug
2025 spiking and May 2026 reflecting the monsoon recharge is effective. When
year on year comparison is made, May 2026 is slightly higher than May 2025 stable
or improving aquifer. The TW-07 also experiences moderate seasonal variability.
The tubewell is highly sensitive to both rainfall and human activity. The
multiple peaks (Jul, Sep, Nov, Mar, May) suggest episodic recharge rather than
a single monsoon-driven cycle. Comparatively, this aquifer is shallower and
more volatile, making it more vulnerable to stress but also quicker to recover.
The groundwater
system here shows a classic monsoon-driven recharge pattern consistent with
Nepal's seasonal hydrology. The aquifer is most vulnerable during late summer
(Aug–Sep) before monsoon recharge kicks in. The overall trend appears stable,
with no alarming long-term depletion visible within this one-year window. Communities
here benefit from quick recharge, but risk short-term scarcity during dry
months. Peaks outside monsoon should be investigated, likely linked to local
water management practices. This tubewell illustrates hydro-social fragility—a
shallow aquifer that responds quickly but is easily stressed.
७. सिमरा टोलको ट्युबवेल
- वडा नं. ७, कर्जनहा
कर्जनहा अध्ययन क्षेत्र अन्तर्गत सिमरा टोल-७ मा अवस्थित अनुगमन/अवलोकन ट्युबवेल
नम्बर ०५ (TW-05) राजमार्गबाट दक्षिणतर्फको Gangetic Plain मा पर्दछ।
यस रेखाचित्रले जलस्तर जमिनको सतह मुनि करिब ०.५ मिटरदेखि २ मिटर (~0.5 m to ~2 m BGL) को बीचमा उतारचढाव हुने देखाउँछ। यो ट्युबवेलले अत्यन्तै उथलो भू–जल भण्डार / एक्विफर (Extremely shallow
aquifer) लाई उजागर गर्दछ, जहाँ पूर्ण वार्षिक चक्रमा जलस्तर मात्र करिब ०.६५
मिटरदेखि २.१ मिटरको दायरामा घटबढ हुन्छ। वर्षको अधिकांश समय जलस्तर सतहभन्दा २
मिटर भन्दा कम गहिराइमा रहन्छ, जसको जल सुरक्षा (Water security) र प्रदुषणको जोखिम (Contamination risk) दुवै दृष्टिकोणबाट गम्भीर प्रभाव रहन्छ। जलस्तरको उतारचढावको ढाँचाले एक
सुसंगत वा सहज मौसमी चक्र (Smooth seasonal
cycle) को सट्टा वर्षभरि नै धेरै वटा उतार र चढावहरू (Multiple peaks and troughs) सहितको अल्पकालीन अस्थिरता (Short-term variability) देखाउँछ। यसका थप अवलोकनहरूलाई
निम्नानुसार प्रस्तुत गर्न सकिन्छ:
अगस्ट–सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ को अवधिमा जलस्तर सबैभन्दा न्यून विन्दुमा पुग्दा
भूमिगत जलमा चरम तनाव (Peak groundwater stress) उत्पन्न भएको थियो र यससँगै ट्युबवेल नै सुक्ने जोखिम (Risk of running dry) बढेको थियो। अर्कोतर्फ, अगस्ट २०२५ को उछाल र मे २०२६ को अवस्थाले उच्चतम जलस्तर
देखाउँछन्, जसले मनसुनी पुनर्भरण प्रभावकारी रहेको पुष्टि गर्छ। वार्षिक रूपमा तुलना
गर्दा, मे २०२५ को तुलनामा मे २०२६ को स्तर
थोरै उच्च हुनुले एक्विफर स्थिर वा सुधारोन्मुख अवस्थामा रहेको बुझाउँछ। यस वडाको TW-05 (र छिमेकी वडाको TW-07) ले मध्यम मौसमी अस्थिरता अनुभव गर्छन्।
यो ट्युबवेल वर्षा र मानवीय गतिविधि दुवैप्रति अत्यधिक संवेदनशील छ। वर्षभरि
देखिएका बहुविध उच्चतम बिन्दुहरू (जुलाई, सेप्टेम्बर, नोभेम्बर, मार्च, मे) ले एकल मनसुन-सञ्चालित चक्रको सट्टा समय-समयमा हुने आकस्मिक पुनर्भरण (Episodic recharge) लाई बुझाउँछन्। तुलनात्मक रूपमा, यो भू–जल भण्डार / एक्विफर बढी उथलो र अस्थिर छ, जसले गर्दा यो तनावको जोखिममा चाँडै पर्छ तर उत्तिकै द्रुत गतिमा पुरानो
अवस्थामा फर्कन (Quick to recover) पनि सक्छ।
यहाँको भूमिगत जल प्रणालीले नेपालको मौसमी जलविज्ञान (Seasonal hydrology) अनुकूल परम्परागत मनसुन-सञ्चालित
पुनर्भरण ढाँचा देखाउँछ। मनसुनी पुनर्भरण सुरु हुनु अघि, ग्रीष्म ऋतुको अन्त्यतिर (अगस्ट–सेप्टेम्बर) यो एक्विफर
सबैभन्दा बढी जोखिममा हुन्छ। समग्र प्रवृत्ति स्थिर देखिन्छ र यो एक वर्षको अवधि
भित्र कुनै चिन्ताजनक दीर्घकालीन क्षयीकरण (Long-term depletion)
देखिँदैन। यहाँका समुदायहरू द्रुत पुनर्भरणबाट लाभान्वित
छन्, तर सुक्खा महिनाहरूमा अल्पकालीन अभावको
जोखिम पनि उत्तिकै रहन्छ। मनसुन बाहेकका समयमा देखिएका जलस्तरका उछालहरू (Peaks) को अनुसन्धान गरिनुपर्छ, जुन सम्भवतः स्थानीय जल व्यवस्थापन अभ्यासहरूसँग जोडिएका
हुन सक्छन्। यस ट्युबवेलले जल-सामाजिक भंगुरता (Hydro-social
fragility) लाई चित्रण गर्दछ—अर्थात यस्तो उथलो
एक्विफर जसले प्रतिक्रिया त चाँडो जनाउँछ तर सजिलै तनावमा परिहाल्छ।
| S.N. | Recorded At | Tole Name | Ground to Water(m) | Raw Device Reading (m) | Opening to Ground (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2026-05-15 | simara | 2.20 | 2.65 | 0.45 |
| 2 | 2026-04-30 | simara | 1.70 | 2.15 | 0.45 |
| 3 | 2026-04-16 | simara | 2.00 | 2.45 | 0.45 |
| 4 | 2026-03-31 | simara | 1.50 | 1.95 | 0.45 |
| 5 | 2026-03-15 | simara | 1.70 | 2.15 | 0.45 |
| 6 | 2026-02-28 | simara | 1.70 | 2.15 | 0.45 |
| 7 | 2026-02-15 | simara | 1.90 | 2.35 | 0.45 |
| 8 | 2026-01-31 | simara | 1.20 | 1.65 | 0.45 |
| 9 | 2026-01-17 | simara | 1.70 | 2.15 | 0.45 |
| 10 | 2025-12-30 | simara | 1.40 | 1.85 | 0.45 |
| 11 | 2025-12-15 | simara | 1.40 | 1.85 | 0.45 |
| 12 | 2025-11-30 | simara | 1.70 | 2.15 | 0.45 |
| 13 | 2025-11-16 | simara | 1.20 | 1.65 | 0.45 |
| 14 | 2025-10-31 | simara | 1.05 | 1.50 | 0.45 |
| 15 | 2025-10-15 | simara | 1.35 | 1.80 | 0.45 |
| 16 | 2025-09-30 | simara | 0.71 | 1.16 | 0.45 |
| 17 | 2025-09-16 | simara | 0.70 | 1.15 | 0.45 |
| 18 | 2025-08-29 | simara | 0.75 | 1.20 | 0.45 |
| 19 | 2025-08-15 | simara | 1.70 | 2.15 | 0.45 |
| 20 | 2025-07-31 | simara | 2.10 | 2.55 | 0.45 |
| 21 | 2025-07-15 | simara | 1.00 | 1.45 | 0.45 |
| 22 | 2025-06-30 | simara | 1.15 | 1.60 | 0.45 |
| 23 | 2025-06-15 | simara | 1.25 | 1.70 | 0.45 |
| 24 | 2025-05-30 | simara | 1.85 | 2.30 | 0.45 |
| 25 | 2025-05-15 | simara | 1.86 | 2.31 | 0.45 |
| 26 | 2025-04-23 | simara | 1.85 | 2.30 | 0.45 |