Over 71% of households rely on tube-wells and hand pumps. Groundwater extraction in Madhesh Province remains largely unregulated, leading to overexploitation, declining water tables, and deteriorating water quality. Deforestation in the Chure and Bhabar regions exacerbates these issues by increasing river siltation and reducing recharge rates. Climate change further intensifies water stress, with erratic rainfall, prolonged droughts, and rising temperatures disrupting water availability. In addition to depleting groundwater table, waterborne diseases and contamination also present major public health risks. According to MICS (2019), 90% of household water sources in Madhesh are contaminated with E. coli, and 600,000 residents lack access to formal water supply systems. Despite this, 24% of the population has access to safely managed water facilities—slightly above the national average of 19%. 

Witnessing these evidences, Welthungerhilfe (WHH) has been partnering the people of Saptari and Siraha executing drinking water and WASH interventions since 2012 as the contribution to achieve sustainable food and nutrition security through multisectoral approaches. In this context, this ground water monitoring is being carried out in Golbazar and Karjanha municipalities of Siraha district by CSDS for Welthungerhilfe and SABAL Nepal to monitor the water level status under the Groundwater Monitoring and Recharge Project in Palika of Siraha District. In this monitoring project, two deep tubewells (one 100 m. and other 80 m,) have been installed with automated system in Golbazar and other 26 abandoned tubewells (13 from Karjanha and 13 from Golbazar) – both deep and shallow – were identified to measure the water level manually. Now, it is on its second phases. Automated system is generating information about water level in every hour and in other tubewells, water levels have being measured in every 15 days. CSDS is maintaining database. It is also displayed on the webpage of municipalities. And the progress and achievements are covered by online news https://washkhabar.com/np/2026/01/08/47530